Work then vs. now: How generational attitudes toward jobs have changed

THE perception of work hustle culture and work-life balance in Malaysia has evolved across generations, with the older generation, Millennials and Gen Z holding differing views shaped by changing societal values and economic conditions.

In Malaysia, perspectives on work hustle culture and work-life balance vary widely across generations.

For the older generation, hard work and long hours often symbolises dedication, while millennials emphasise flexibility and meaningful careers. Gen Z, however, is redefining the narrative, valuing mental health and personal time as much as professional ambition.

This generational shift paints a vivid picture of how work and life priorities are evolving in the modern era.

Psychiatrist and Malaysian Mental Health Association (MMHA) President Professor Datuk Dr Andrew Mohanraj observed that perceptions of work and productivity in Malaysia have evolved significantly across generations, shaped by changing societal values and economic landscapes.SURVIVAL MODE FOR THE OLDER GENERATION

He pointed out that for older generations, work was largely driven by the need for survival and the responsibility of meeting family and societal expectations.

“During Malaysia’s post-independence era, rapid economic growth, industrialisation and urbanisation drove individuals to prioritise financial stability and upward mobility. Success was measured by job security, promotions, home ownership and the ability to provide for extended family.

“Long working hours were seen as a mark of dedication and resilience, while sacrifice was considered a virtue. Rooted in Malaysia’s multicultural and religious ethos, values such as humility, loyalty and responsibility emphasised perseverance and diligence.

“Enduring hardships for the sake of family advancement was a source of pride for many,” he said in an interview with Sinar Daily.MILLENNIALS SEARCH FOR CAREER-LIFE HARMONY

However, Andrew highlighted that the millennials began to challenge these traditional notions, seeking a balance between career aspirations and personal well-being.

“This generation was shaped by globalisation, digital technology and an entrepreneurial culture, broadening their perspective on work beyond rigid corporate structures.

“While still ambitious, millennials placed greater emphasis on flexible work arrangements and questioned the necessity of sacrificing mental health and personal fulfillment for career advancement,” he mentioned.

GEN Z PRIORITISES MENTAL HEALTH AND PERSONAL FULFILLMENT

Andrew said that, in contrast, Gen Z shows a stronger emphasis on work-life balance, prioritising mental health, personal fulfillment and social impact over traditional success indicators like high salaries or prestigious job titles.

He said that this shift is driven by greater awareness of mental health issues, exposure to global work culture trends and the growing acceptance of discussions around burnout.

“Growing up in a digital-first world, Gen Z has access to diverse perspectives on work and productivity, often following social media influencers and thought leaders who advocate for balance, self-care and meaningful work.

“The Covid-19 pandemic further reinforced Gen Z’s focus on flexibility and well-being. Remote work during the pandemic demonstrated the benefits of blending work with life, challenging traditional office-centric norms.

“Technology has also enabled remote and hybrid work arrangements, which appeal to younger generations,” he said.

Andrew explained that, unlike older generations who often associated overwork with success, Gen Z questions this mindset, particularly given the challenges of rising living costs and stagnant wages.

He highlighted that they tend to prioritise passion projects, job satisfaction and making a societal impact.

“Gen Z are also more inclined to change jobs if their workplace does not support their well-being.

“Exposure to global trends such as quiet quitting, the anti-hustle culture and prioritising personal well-being has significantly influenced Gen Z’s attitudes toward work, reflecting an interconnected and evolving understanding of productivity and success,” he added.