Russia’s role in Middle East politics endures, shifts to being ‘secondary power’

At the time, Moscow operated about 100 military facilities in the war-torn country, following its intervention in the Syrian civil conflict from 2015 to prop up then president Bashar al-Assad in alliance with Iran and its regional proxies.

When Assad was forced to flee to Moscow, and control of most of Syria was seized by Islamist rebels led by current President Ahmed al-Sharaa

, Russia looked set to lose the air and naval bases that enabled it to project power in the Middle East and North Africa.

According to a deal announced by the Syrian foreign ministry on Sunday, Russia’s only two official military bases outside the former Soviet Union would be turned into “joint training and capacity-building centres, within new arrangements that preserve mutual interests”.

No further details were given, but Russian military contingents would reportedly remain at both facilities under the new arrangement.